Aquaporin-1 Essay -- Biology Aquaporin

BackgroundMost modern biology textbooks will tell you that low-molecular-weight molecules like CO2, NH3 (ammonia), and urea nonplus booth membranes by simple airing. Some scientists postulate, however, that special(prenominal) pores mediate this transport. A recent study conducted to further this hypothesis examines expression of the pissing channel aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and its enhancing strickle on CO2 permeation into cells.Why would scientists challenge the traditional simple diffusion theory? Two strong points of evidence led to this experimentFirst, many cell membranes have a very low permeability to small molecules The outer membranes of some gastric glands allow very little CO2 to image the cell, while most frog egg cells have membranes that act as virtual barriers to the harsh materials present in their environment. If the simple diffusion theory is correct, diffusion of small molecules into cells should be an unregulated process. If diffusion is an unregulated process, how could some cells have a lower permeability to small molecules than others?Second, scientists have already found membrane proteins that facilitate the entrance of water and urea While the UT2 protein enables transport of urea past the cell membrane, an entire class of membrane proteins called the aquaporins enable the permeation of water into cells. If small molecules enter the cell by diffusion, why would the cell have extra mechanisms to facilitate their entry?Any Questions?Q) Whats this diffusion thing you keep public lecture about?A) Particles randomly flow from areas of high concentration (a lot of particles) to areas of low concentration (not many particles) until they are evenly dispersed.If youve ever put a sane cell in a c... ...ially exciting opportunity to manipulate gas transport rates lies in cancer research, where inhibiting the transcription of AQP-1 could be the key to violent death cancer cells . Cancer cells release more CO2 than most other cells, so stoppi ng these cells abilty to extrude the gas to their environment would result in cell death. This example is one of many uses for the manipulation of gas transport, however, and the opportunities are endless.The idea that gas transport is actively mediated by the cell is a spacious paradigm shift from the traditional belief that transportation is uncontrolled. Further studies (Cooper and Boron, Am. J. Physiol. In press) have proven the conclusion drawn from this experiment, and the search for pores that mediate transport of specific gasses has already begun. The diffusion dogma has been destroyed, and the textbooks will be re-written.

Youth Workers Essay -- Article Analysis, Rachel Brooks

IntroductionThis essay will focus on the main points of an article written by Rachel Brooks. The article centers on a total-eyed description of new-made people and their political relegateicipation. More specifically, it involves around the fact that juvenility people tend to show interest and to tellicipate less in the political action than other days groups. Moreover, it focuses on young womens willingness to express their selves politically, and the extent of their political eng development. It also emphasizes to the absence of sex activity, when it comes to political participation amongst the young age groups Most of the survey results concerning young members of the European Union show that both young men and women tend to be politically apathetic. However, it is argued that the lack of fond activities and voluntary work is two of the main reasons of young peoples inactive affectionate cohesion and citizenship. Young people and political engagement policy-making e ngagement, as it is illustrated by the contemporary media, concerns the qualification of a moral label of a good citizen, the domain of voluntary work, watching the everyday news, taking part in activism, and voting. Nowadays, most of the books, articles, and press documents, present young people as political apathetic. This particular age group is failing in terms of civil and political participation e.g. voting in the elections, and it is considered as passive and disengaged. (Banaji, 2008, p.1&2) According to Banaji (2008), nowadays political engagement and civic participation dont appeal to youngs peoples general beliefs and activities, as they are viewed more as mandatory and less as maturity, citizens political agency, or intelligence of power and responsibility . However, t... ...no action and that civic engagement is better than no engagement. This means that nowadays political participation could be expressed with the use of distinguishable forms and sources and if using an alternative way to express it, it doesnt mean that it still it no longer exists. There is no formal evidence which proves that the younger age groups are less engaged to politics than the older ones. Nevertheless, there are lots of distinct methods that youth workers can use in order to part young people to political action, social cohesion and engagement through informal education. These methods contain voluntary work, group discussions and peer education. Finally, the notable absence of sexuality in terms of youth participation in politics constitutes another very important consideration that has to be highlighted in the future researches and surveys. Youth Workers leaven -- Article Analysis, Rachel BrooksIntroductionThis essay will focus on the main points of an article written by Rachel Brooks. The article centers on a wide description of young people and their political participation. More specifically, it involves around the fact that you ng people tend to show interest and to participate less in the political action than other age groups. Moreover, it focuses on young womens willingness to express their selves politically, and the extent of their political engagement. It also emphasizes to the absence of gender, when it comes to political participation amongst the young age groups Most of the survey results concerning young members of the European Union show that both young men and women tend to be politically apathetic. However, it is argued that the lack of social activities and voluntary work is two of the main reasons of young peoples inactive social cohesion and citizenship. Young people and political engagement semipolitical engagement, as it is illustrated by the contemporary media, concerns the qualification of a moral label of a good citizen, the domain of voluntary work, watching the everyday news, taking part in activism, and voting. Nowadays, most of the books, articles, and press documents, presen t young people as political apathetic. This particular age group is failing in terms of civic and political participation e.g. voting in the elections, and it is considered as passive and disengaged. (Banaji, 2008, p.1&2) According to Banaji (2008), nowadays political engagement and civic participation dont appeal to youngs peoples general beliefs and activities, as they are viewed more as mandatory and less as maturity, citizens political agency, or guts of power and responsibility . However, t... ...no action and that civic engagement is better than no engagement. This means that nowadays political participation could be expressed with the use of different forms and sources and if using an alternative way to express it, it doesnt mean that it still it no longer exists. There is no formal evidence which proves that the younger age groups are less engaged to politics than the older ones. Nevertheless, there are lots of different methods that youth workers can use in order t o stir up young people to political action, social cohesion and engagement through informal education. These methods contain voluntary work, group discussions and peer education. Finally, the notable absence of gender in terms of youth participation in politics constitutes another very important consideration that has to be highlighted in the future researches and surveys.

Free Brave New World Essays: Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World

Huxley and Shakespeare Do they read Shakespeare? asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, olden the schoolhouse Library. Certainly not, said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New founding, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New humanity and the humans in Shakespeares time and even the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, enthalpy Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In govern to operate community, stability, and identity, the basis of their world, these functions must be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, peo ple in the Brave New World have feelies to amuse themselves instead. To point the differenc... Free Brave New World Essays Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World Huxley and Shakespeare Do they read Shakespeare? asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. Certainly not, said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New World and the world in Shakespeares time and even the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In order to assure community, stability, and ide ntity, the basis of their world, these functions must be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, people in the Brave New World have feelies to amuse themselves instead. To demonstrate the differenc...

NHL Players Moving West :: essays research papers

NHL Players Moving EastIt was deemed official this past weekend that the NHL willing be on lockout due to the new wages cap the league wants to enforce. The players in the league have a diverse outlook this year as well and it involves moving east. Hockey players in the NHL get 75% of the revenue the league makes and it is very obvious that this current situation is not going to last. there is no way to fund the league if the players are making all of the money. So what happens now? Ratings are very low, the league is not m phratry 21, 2004 Current Events Paperarketable function now, and expansion has hurt rather than cured many of the businesss in the NHL. That is why the NHL is trying to come to an agreement to place a cap in the league in order to make some much-needed revenue. The players are not having this new idea, and they are now welcoming a different home.More than 150 players have subscribe to play in the European leagues. Jaromir Jagr has hold to play in the Cze ch Republic for a team named Kladmo. Marcus Naslund has agreed to play in Sweden for Modo. Llya Kovalchuk has signed with AK Bars Kazan in Russia. These are just a few names, but other players are already signed as well and are playing games as we speak. The Russian league has signed 33 NHL players, the Swedish league has signed 30 NHL players, the Czech league has signed 47 NHL players, and the Finnish and Slovakia leagues both signed nine NHL players apiece. So how weed this current situation be resolved? There are few options right now, which makes it seem like this is really going to hurt the league economically. Most of the players in the league have a lockout clause in their contracts making this problem easy for them to deal with. All they have to do is wait out this lockout while being involved with a different league and when the lockout is over they can automatically resume their previous positions in the NHL. This situation however, is not going to be resolved that easil y. If the players do not agree to have a salary cap in the NHL then there is not quite an alternative. Where can the league make up this money? If there were a bigger quest for the sport than there would not be a problem.

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The burden and call to reach out and help others, enfold many people in society throughout the world. Rich or poor, young or old, black, red or white, the motive is helping those with a need. As Chinua Achebe points out in his book, Things Fall Apart, though there is the aspiration to lend a hand, it can sometimes live on deadly, and even fatal to the lives of people. Although the missionaries try help convert the Ibo village of Umuofia to Christianity, their presence in Africa is harmful to the lives and culture of the Ibo. The men that come to Umuofia destroy the cultural isotropy of faith and religion that encompasses the native people in Africa. People in Umuofia depend strongly on the ancestors and beau ideals in their culture. It is their tradition and their beginning, from which they govern their lives. Even the priestess that serves the god Agbala, ...was full of the power of her god, and she was greatly f eared (16). Without the stronghold of customs and traditions, only chaos exists. Peace, trust, and knowledge are thrown off when the new religion of Christianity is introduced. When the missionary explains that whole the gods you have named are not gods at all. They are gods of deceit who tell you to kill your fellows and destroy innocent children. There is only one true immortal and He has the earth, the sky, you and me and all of us (121). Decisions, opinions, and beliefs become uncertain and doubt appears. Cultural values, that ware held for generations, are pitted against the missionarys sermons. Although the missionaries come with the desire and intention to help the underdeveloped Ibo village reach its pote... ...e senseless and heartless government, which ruthlessly destroys the peaceful atmosphere in the villages. Africa will only reach its potential when everybody realizes the importance of preserving the cultural traditions. kit and boodle Cited and Consulted A chebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. London Heinemann, 1958. Decheta, Buchi. European Imperialism. London Heinemann, 1980. Evans, Jennifer. Cultures and Resistance. African Literature Today. Trenton, New Jersey African World Press, 1987. pages Hidoo, Rose. Culture in Chains Abandonment in the Work of Selected West African Writers. Owerri, Nigeria Black Academy, 1994. Nnolim, Charles E. The Missionaries. Approaches To the African People Essays in Analysis. London Saros International, 1992. Okonkwo, Juliet. The Cultural Rape of Africa. African Quarterly 15.1-2 pages.

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The burden and calling to reach out and friend others, insert many pack in society throughout the world. Rich or poor, young or old, black, red or white, the motive is helping those with a need. As Chinua Achebe points out in his book, Things Fall Apart, though there is the aspiration to lend a hand, it can sometimes sire deadly, and even fatal to the lives of people. Although the missionaries try help convert the Ibo village of Umuofia to Christianity, their presence in Africa is harmful to the lives and culture of the Ibo. The men that come to Umuofia destroy the cultural balance of faith and religion that encompasses the native people in Africa. People in Umuofia depend strongly on the ancestors and gods in their culture. It is their tradition and their beginning, from which they govern their lives. Even the priestess that serves the god Agbala, ...was full of the power of her god, and she was greatly feared (1 6). Without the fixedness of customs and traditions, only chaos exists. Peace, trust, and knowledge are thrown off when the new religion of Christianity is introduced. When the missionary explains that All the gods you have named are not gods at all. They are gods of deceit who tell you to kill your fellows and destroy innocent children. There is only one true God and He has the earth, the sky, you and me and all of us (121). Decisions, opinions, and beliefs become uncertain and doubt appears. Cultural values, that ware held for generations, are pitted against the missionarys sermons. Although the missionaries come with the desire and intention to help the underdeveloped Ibo village reach its pote... ...e senseless and hardhearted government, which ruthlessly destroys the peaceful atmosphere in the villages. Africa will only reach its potential when everybody realizes the importance of preserving the cultural traditions. Works Cited and Consulted Achebe, Chinua. Things Fal l Apart. capital of the United Kingdom Heinemann, 1958. Decheta, Buchi. European Imperialism. London Heinemann, 1980. Evans, Jennifer. Cultures and Resistance. African Literature Today. Trenton, New Jersey African World Press, 1987. pages Hidoo, Rose. Culture in Chains Abandonment in the Work of Selected West African Writers. Owerri, Nigeria scandalous Academy, 1994. Nnolim, Charles E. The Missionaries. Approaches To the African People Essays in Analysis. London Saros International, 1992. Okonkwo, Juliet. The Cultural Rape of Africa. African Quarterly 15.1-2 pages.

How media effect our life Essay

How media exercise our life BY equivalents In todays society, media comes into our lives in many different forms and throughout the years, these forms suck in affected our society positively. There are basically three types of media, print media, electronic media and new age media. cross media Includes wordpapers, books, and pamphlets, electronic media Includes television and radio, and the new age media includes phones and internet. These types of media interact with pile everyday and in our lives, and are the main source that affect us and change our society. composition is a traditional kind of media which has been apply for a few centuries.Newspaper Is a periodical publication which Includes news regarding current events, various articles, societal watchword and some advertisement. Radio is also a popular way for mountain to know news or other Information. Radio and composition are twain similar kind of media, however, one is printed while the other is broadcasted. With newspaper and radio developing. Our daily has changed a lot. Newspaper or radio can influence us on what we think about some facts, news or organization. It can play very vital position in building the way that people think and convincing what people should do.Newspaper is main resource of daily information offer people up-to-date news. Newspaper have positive effect as well as negative effect. Its a mirror of truth which people is willing to believe. Its a media for both educated and noncivilised people. Some people can also find their job though newspapers. Advertisement is also a outstanding use of newspaper. Some organizations and companies will intrust their advertisements on newspapers to sell or to show their products. However, there are also negative effects of newspaper. In some newspaper, blast might be exist. For example, In World War II newspaper played a significant role.During WI As the most manhoodwide kind of mass media, TV plays an important role In modern socie ty. To some extent, TV is the combination of newspaper and radio, because TV Includes sounds, images and sentences. It Is a new stage of media which can show audience daily news much more directly and vivid. quite a little prefer to watch TV rather than read a newspaper because colorful and brilliant TV curriculum Is more Interesting than a newspaper. Therefore TV has become a popular media for people getting sews and having some fun. Television Is the most functional media during these years. People use it to spread information, and updated news.In the early years, there were early a few news channel since It created. But the channel become diversity than it used to be recently. Despite of news, advertisement is another newly media to recommend the product. -its much more faintly than the customer walk Into the mall and choose their favorite(a) product. In Dalton, television can offer different age-stage of various people and satisfied their requirement. The TV company may arran ge different special channel. much(prenominal) like sports channels. Most of the live sports game are showed and the latest sport news as well. Businessmen may use the Economic channel to acquire the business news.Internet is the most widely use media of the world. Various usage of internet are being used by people all all over the world, For most people. To spend some time on 1 OFF interest in. There are all kind of message on the internet. whatsoever you want to look for you can find it. Even if some specific information, you can find it in a very short time by search on the internet. In the superannuated day, we have to look though a article word y word to find something that we are tone for. With internet we can Just type what we are looking for and answer will come out automatically in one second.Our life have become different since the internet has been invented. Nowadays people will see the news and look for any information on the internet instead of newspaper and telev ision. We can see many comments for events on the internet which cannot be seen in other two media. This is good because people can talk about their intellection about some events after they read them instead of Just read the news. Internet is extremely necessary in our society. Internet is like a circuit that connects the world. It makes communication become easier around the world.We can communicate instantly though the internet by email or some chatting applications instead of sending a letter and waste a few days. Internet is a media that can carry message really fast. For example, if somewhere in the world is having a raw(a) disaster, once this news get onto the internet ,people from all over the world will know right off. Media have changed our life and society a lot no matter what form it is. Media do help human beings a lot. As the most ancient way of spreading information, swapper and radio spread the news immediately and let people know the world deeply.However, people always accept the news as the truth, and accept the bias unconsciously. TV is the revolution of mass media, and replaces the old way little by little. As the most popular way to receive the information, the Internet provides a more convenience way to know the world instead of traveling the world. However, people depend on the mass media too much, and regard everything they knew from the mass media as the truth. If mass media are controlled for a personal goal, how people can distinguish the truth and the lies?

New vs Old Yankees Stadium

The House that Ruth Built has seen many history- reservation moments in its 85 years in the Bronx 26 World Series titles, four Major League Baseball All-Star games, two papal visits by John Paul II and Benedict XVI. at one time that the Bronx Bombers charter ended their 2008 season 8 games out of first place, finishing third behind the Boston Red Sox and the Tampa Bay Rays, the old northern Stadium entrust shut its doors (M. L. B. go on Media, 2008 Regular Season Standings).The start of next season go out bring extra attention to the Yankees due to the opening of their brand parvenue area, located across the street. Their current bowlful is just one of many recent parks that nurse been reinforced. These sweet stadiums change the classic pastime of observance a game with a hot dog in hand. Even though the modern ballparks aim amazing architectural originations with countless means of entertainment, the primeval sport of baseball seems to be just playing in the backgro und.Since 2000, twelve Major League squads have built new stadiums. The two unused York Teams, the Yankees and the Mets, leave alone both open brand new parks in the spring of 2009. Five teams have plans in progress to have completed their new field by 2012, which will leave the Boston Red Soxs Fenway Park, built in 1912, the oldest baseball stadium in the country (Grand Slam Enterprises). The new Yankee Stadium is the most costly one in America, costing approximately $1. 6 billion (M. L. B. Advanced Media, Yankees Unveil 2009 Schedule).The opening of two baseball stadiums, as well as the Jets and Giants new stadium, all in the same state and the same season has prices flying through the roof for local rag holders, and the citizens of the state concerned about what their taxes are going towards since all the stadiums received some aid. The Yankees received over $200 million from the city and the state, which, even though only covers a fraction of the cost, the money still comes from the taxpaying citizens (E. S. P. N. ). People that have had season slatings for years now have to sacrifice their exclusive sit down because they cannot afford the prices (Sandomir).However, money aside, New York City is going to get extra sports attention in the upcoming year. According to the teams website, the Yankees are all about cover the future, and their new stadium does exactly that. The virtual tour of their new facility explains the countless number of new additions and changes, and shows how the new stadium takes the same basic design of the old one by creating the same atmosphere, but modernizes it entirely (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Stadium Virtual Tour).This means that the new topographic point of the Yankees will contain well-known features such as Monument Park, the white frieze that runs along the top border and the playing of Frank Sinatras famous New York, New York after a home game win. The Relocation Guide that all the ticket holders receive d opens up its 48 page description of the stadium by stating The new Yankee Stadiumwill merge the glorious past and future greatness of the Yankees to create the ultimate fan experience by providing the latest technology, luxurious fan amenities and customer service in a setting that will feel both reassuringly familiar and astonishingly fresh. Before going into detail about all features, it states the new Yankee Stadium will be all about choice, comfort, convenience and accessibility (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Stadium Relocation Guide). Notice there is no liaison said about baseball. The new house of the Yankees has many improvements. The gentler slope of the lay gives everyone a good view of the game. The stadium itself is 63% larger than the old one, yet has less seats. The available wireless Internet and major cell telephone antennas around the stadium, will give fans web access and strong cell phone service, which seem un undeniable for a night at the ballpark.Do f ans factually gather up their cell phones and laptops for a couple-hour game in New York? The point of going to a game is to watch it, or is that once-obvious rationale changing? The Yankees plan on opening a Metro-North train stop right at the stadium so that fans from neighboring states can easily arrive and depart the game without dealing with the subway or the street traffic, which takes away from the hustle and bustle of the pregame street activities. This includes souvenir shops, food vendors etc.And finally, the most un-baseball related aspect of the new stadium on the list is the fact that Yankee Stadium will be open year round with clubs, restaurants, banquet rooms, conference rooms and business centers, and will armament corporate outings, business meetings, bat mitzvahs, seminars and weddings (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Stadium Relocation Guide). According to Brian Cashman, Senior Vice-President and Gen geological eral Manager of the New York Yankees, the tea m has to be in a position to pursue excellence. He knows the potential of the Yankee organization, and he feels that the new stadium is the best intimacy for it. Although many have complained about the destruction of such a historical landmark, Cashman says that the new stadium is just as good, if not better than the old one. He states that the move was necessary because of all the improvements and new stadiums that otherwise teams have made. The opponents all have better batting cages and health recovery areas and other key advantages at their home fields, so the Yankees obviously needed to keep up.Cashman feels that the new stadium will bring the community together in the Bronx, making the investment a good thing for everyone (Cashman). Even if the Yankees improve their practice facilities, which may call for their team better, will the fans be paying any attention to the game? Or will they be having a drink at the martini bar or spending the game with their head down looking a t their email? The Washington Nationals call their new stadium a beacon for business development, and all the new stadiums are exactly that. The game has been lost, but the fans might not mind this new era of sports entertainment.The Nationals say that they would like to offer their fans the opportunity to enjoy the game or explore the unique array of entertainment options that they have available at the stadium (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Nationals Park Virtual Tour). The Yankees, Mets, Twins, Royals, Marlins, Athletics, Rays and all the other franchises that decide to rebuild soon want to make a profit from this pitch contour in ballpark style as well. The Yankees know that all the new stadiums do the same thing, and it is the Yankees reputation to do things right, according to Jim Kaat, an announcer for the Yankees Entertainment and Sports Networks (Kaat).To do thing right for the Yankees mean to make money. And they plan on pushing their fans towards retail, entertainment and expensive ticketing options to make that happen. Since the new stadium cost the Yankees well over $1 billion, it is estimated that they will have to take in an additional $50-60 million a year to pay for it. They already have the most famous logo in sports, the most popular regional sports network on television, and now they have the most modern and expensive sports stadium in the country (Belson).In order to make a profit with the new stadium, the Yankees dropped their capacity by over 4,500 seats, but tripled the amount of luxury suites available. The luxury suites include different levels of luxury Legends, Luxury, Club, Main level and Terrace. All the suites come with club access, preferred parking, a bar and restaurant, private bathrooms and HD televisions (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Stadium Relocation Guide). With all the expensive luxury space at the new stadium, the Yankees are targeting the large corporations to buy out the seats. The Yankees may sell out every ga me, but they almost never have full attendance.This is because wealthy supporters and corporations buy tickets with little or no intention of going to the games. The Yankee organization does not mind this because they are making money, but in the classic sense of the game, a lot of true baseball fans will lose their opportunity to go because the only tickets available will be sitting in the desk drawer of some rich executive. The stadium now has a sports bar, a martini bar, a steakhouse, a grillroom, an art gallery, a sports memorabilia store, a museum and four retail stores on top of the hundreds of regular concession stands that are all available to the ticket holding fan.The luxury suites have special adit to their own clubs, bars and restaurants depending on which one of five levels you have access to. Ticket prices stayed about the same from old to new, but some of the season ticket packages went up in price due to the new luxury suites (M. L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Sta dium Relocation Guide). None of these improvements add to the actual game of baseball, or even to the fans firsthand experience of the action on the field. This new period of sports entertainment has turned the focus from the game itself to the extras surrounding it.The Yankees and other organizations want to give fans more options while they are at the game. Whether or not this is a good idea will be seen in the secure future, after the public settles in to the new fields. George Steinbrenner, owner of the Yankees said, I am thinking about the future and the new Yankee Stadium being built next door. There is no doubt in my mind that the Yankees should have the best ballpark in baseball, and I will make sure our new home does justice to the great tradition of this franchiseYankees fans deserve nothing less (M.L. B. Advanced Media, New Yankee Stadium Relocation Guide). Yankees fans have always had the best ballpark in baseball. The stereotypical new stadium draws the crowd from the field to the entertainment. Hopefully this new style ballpark does not impose on _or_ oppress the American pastime, and take away the opportunity to watch live baseball for future generations. The history of the old stadium is unbeatable by the other teams. Now the fans have a high-end stadium to watch the rest of Yankee history take place in, but will they see it happen?

The Middle East Conflict

The diaphragm East Conflict Will Israel Ever be Able to Exist in quiescence? The Middle East Conflict Will Israel Ever be Able to Exist in counterinsurgency? From the day Israel declare itself an separate nation, neighboring countries and terrorists has routinely attacked it. The biography of Israel and the conflict between the Judaic state and its Arab neighbors is long and complex. To begin to understand the root of the delirium, one must first know the history of the foundation garment of the state of Israel.Some of the major questions that have to be asked to understand the conflict and whether or not there can truly be sleep include the next 1. How was Israel created 2. What has caused the stress in the Middle East 3. What habit does the International community play on the Middle East conflict How Was Israel Created After the First humanness urge, the thwarted Ottoman Empire was divided amongst Britain, France, and Italy. The British canon included Transjordan and Palestine, though this was the first time the name Palestine had ever been used.Britains main(prenominal) role was to implement the Balfour Declaration, which stated the Majestys Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and provide use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object (Hurewitz, 1979, p. 101 106). The Arabs were origin all in ally given 80 percent of the British Mandate, now known as Jordan. During origination War II, Britain correctd to allow European Jews, who were searching to news leak the Nazis, entry into the British Mandate. Instead, they were either sent to the African nation of Mauritius or sent to detention camps (Lenk, 1991, p. 2). Even, laterward piece War II, Britain wanted to severely restrict the flow of Jewish immigrants from Europe to Palestine. Finally, Britain announced their desire to end their mandate of the territory by may 1948 and they off-key the f usss regarding the division of the shoot to the united Nations. The United Nations came up with several(prenominal) plans. The one that was voted on and geted 33 to 13 was UN Resolution 181, which divided the remaining character of the British Mandate into two independent states with capital of Israel falling underInternational control (United Nations, 1947, p. 132 133). The UN resolution gave the half of the remaining 20 percent of the original mandate to the Arabs. Israel declared itself an independent state on the 14th. It was immediately recognized by the United State, the Soviet Union, and many another(prenominal) nations. However, the Arab world refused to recognize Israel and over the contiguous several eld Arab forces from Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded Israel (Anti Defamation League, 1999).Israel defeated all of the invading countries and starting with Egypt in February 1949, they all began to sign armistice agreements with Israel. Israel gaine d an additional 8 percent of the original mandate after the war. The Gaza strip went to Egypt and the West Bank to Transjordan. The United Nations Conciliation Commission estimated there were approximately 711000 Palestine refugees as a result of the 1948 War (1950). However, Jordan was the notwithstanding Arab realm who would accept them and allow the to travel outside of UN refugee camps (Bard, 2008).What Has Led To The Current Tensions? After the initial 1948-49 War, many Arabs in Israel choose to try and leave the uncouth and scat to other surrounding Arab nations. However, since Jordan was the unaccompanied rustic willing to accept them as citizens, major bile built up towards the Jews. Again, in 1967 Egypt and Jordan invaded Israel in some other attempt to wipe Israel of the map. This war lead to the annexation of the West Bank, the Gaza strip and the Suez Canal into the hands of the Jewish state resulting in even more(prenominal) Palestinian refugees.Once more, resen tment unfoldd to build against Israel. The irony of the situation is the Palestinians have had land and they have had opportunities for their own country, yet the Arabs in the theatrical role were not content with the land they already had and continued the violence towards Israel creating the refugee problem. As more and more Palestinians are displaced, the blame is put on Israel for not doing enough to foster out the Palestinians and help them puzzle permanent homes. Yet, at the same time no other Arab nation will take the time to help the Palestinians.Instead they use them in an cru distressinge to hold up their own goal of a complete annihilation of the Jewish State. Iran, for example, helps to fund and support Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, both of which are terrorist organizations. This outside baffle adds more to the already tense situation in Israel. Another factor that has led to the hostilities was the creation of a Jewish state in a predominately Muslim r egion of the world. The Muslims set Israel and Jerusalem, the third holiest Muslim city, as be to them.On the other hand the Jewish people biblically have the same believe about Israel and Jerusalem belonging to them. Both groups were given the legal permission via international law that provided both groups with land in the area. While the Israelis were content with the land they were given, the Palestinians were not, thus, the start of the 1948-49 war. When the other Arab nations attacked Israel, they go against international law and started a war of aggression. Since they were defeated, International law says all land captured from the aggressive armies is to remain in the hands of the country that was attacked.The Palestinians truism this as though Israel were stealing their homeland. However, by refusing to accept the UNs partition plan, they gave up any in effect(p) they had to the land. Though the rhetoric that these Palestinian areas are cosmos set-aside(p) illegally by Israel helps to fuel the violence between the two groups. What is the International Communitys Role be in Trying to underwrite Peace in the Region? The United Nations was directly responsible for the creation of the state of Israel, as was noted earlier.Therefore it is partly the responsibility of the UN to help ensure peace. The problem right now is violence is not condemned on both sides of the conflict. When a Palestinian terrorist walked into a Jerusalem seminary and 8 rabbinical students, the United Nations could not pass a condemnation of the attack (Heilprin, 2008, March 7). Yet, at the same time, the United Nations condemned Israel for their use of force to try and tour of duty the groups of Hamas terrorist firing rockets that are targeted at Israel civilians.The United Nations actions of condemnatory Israel for their use of superior force to defend itself against those targeting Israel civilians, while at the same time refusing to condemn terrorist attacks targeted at civilians, merely emboldens the terrorists. The radical Palestinians who commit these terrorist acts see this want of condemnation from the UN as a free pass to continue their targeting of civilians. Israels only logical response is to fight back, thus causing the violence to continue with at a cessation in site. Then again with an increase in world wide Anti-Semitism over the last a few(prenominal) decades, it has ecome unpopular, in the world, to support the Jewish state. Why should the World Care? While the United Nations has shown weakness on the issue of supporting Israel as they continue to fight terrorist in an effort to protect its civilians, the question should be asked if there really is a need to support Israel and protect them from being completely eradicated. The first thing to upset is displacement. If the country of Israel were to ever fall to the Arab world and it become a Muslim nation again, where would the Jews go? You would first have the immediate influx of Jewish refugees would be nigh likely forced from their homes.Additionally, what happens if another Holocaust happens in which one group is attempting to eradicate the Jewish people? Where would these Jews go to be guaranteed an escape from this persecution? The next big issue as to whether or not Israel is worth saving is the question of what has Israel done for the world so far? Good intelligence from Israel gives portion of examples of how Israel has contributed to the world. Here are just a few. Motorolas research and development facility in Israel developed the cell phone. Both the Intel Pentium microprocessor and Pentium MMX Chip were designed in Israel.The AOL Instant Messenger ICQ was developed in Israel. Israeli atomic number 101tors are making major medical breakthroughs including finding was to stop cancer in its tracks. Israel has the third most companies listed with the NASDAQ, behind Canada and the United States. These are just a few of the contributions that Israel has made to the world (http//www. newsoftheday. com/). All these and more have been accomplished while unendingly pursue in war and being the target of terrorist. The question should be how could the International Community afford not to play a role in establishing peace in the Middle East while not removing Israel from the map?What can be Done To Achieve Peace? Unfortunately, it seems as though the only bearing there will ever be peace in the Middle East is for a devastating and complete loss for one of the sides. The sad public is peace talks and cease-fires do not work. The only way to truly achieve an end to a conflict is for an enemy to be dealt a withering blow or a complete annihilation. The biggest problem is Fatah and other organizations that are part of the mainstream Palestinian lifestyle have called for the destruction of Israel (Ratzlav-Katz, 2007, November 20). They refuse to stop their fight against Israel until the country of Israel no longer exists.These leave s Israel with the option of defending itself and acting aggressively to prevent more civilians from being targeted by Palestinian terrorists. maybe ones all the terrorists have been eliminated, the two sides will be able to sit down and reach an agreement that will result in a unyielding peace. In order for peace to fully exist, though, after the terrorist have been removed from the equation, Israels neighbors are going to have to recognize it as a trustworthy country with a right to exist. Perhaps once these two conditions exist, there can be a true heading towards peace.References Anti Defamation League. (1999). Israeli War for Independence. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http//www. adl. org/ISRAEL/Record/48war. asp Heilprin, J. (2008, March 7). Libya Blocks UN from Condemning Violence. Yahoo News. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from http//news. yahoo. com/s/ap/20080307/ap_on_re_af/un_mideast_violence Hurewitz, J. C. (Ed. ). (1979). The Middle fast and North Africa in World administr ation a Documentary Record, vol. 2. New Haven Yale University Press. Lenk, Karl. (1991). The Mauritius Affair, The Boat People of 1940/1941. London. Ratzlav-Katz, N. (2007, November 20). American Jewry Fatah Charter Calls to Eradicate Israel. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http//www. israelnationalnews. com/News/News. aspx/124315 United Nations. (1947). Resolution 181. Retrieved March 8, 2008, from http//daccessdds. un. org/doc/ village/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/NR003888. pdf? OpenElement United Nations Conciliation Commission. (1950, October 23). General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 declination 1949 to 23 October 1950. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http//domino. un. org/unispal. nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/93037e3b939746de8525610200567883 OpenDocumentThe Middle East ConflictThe Middle East Conflict Will Israel Ever be Able to Exist in Peace? The Middle East Conflict W ill Israel Ever be Able to Exist in Peace? From the day Israel declared itself an independent nation, neighboring countries and terrorists has routinely attacked it. The history of Israel and the conflict between the Jewish state and its Arab neighbors is long and complex. To begin to understand the root of the violence, one must first know the history of the creation of the state of Israel.Some of the major questions that have to be asked to understand the conflict and whether or not there can truly be peace include the following 1. How was Israel created 2. What has caused the tension in the Middle East 3. What role does the International community play on the Middle East conflict How Was Israel Created After the First World War, the defeated Ottoman Empire was divided amongst Britain, France, and Italy. The British mandate included Transjordan and Palestine, though this was the first time the name Palestine had ever been used.Britains main role was to implement the Balfour Declar ation, which stated the Majestys Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object (Hurewitz, 1979, p. 101 106). The Arabs were originally given 80 percent of the British Mandate, now known as Jordan. During World War II, Britain refused to allow European Jews, who were attempting to escape the Nazis, entry into the British Mandate. Instead, they were either sent to the African nation of Mauritius or sent to detention camps (Lenk, 1991, p. 2). Even, after World War II, Britain wanted to severely restrict the flow of Jewish immigrants from Europe to Palestine. Finally, Britain announced their desire to end their mandate of the territory by May 1948 and they turned the problems regarding the division of the land to the United Nations. The United Nations came up with several plans. The one that was voted on and passed 33 to 13 was UN Resolution 181, which divided the remaining portion of the British Mandate into two independent states with Jerusalem falling underInternational control (United Nations, 1947, p. 132 133). The UN resolution gave the half of the remaining 20 percent of the original mandate to the Arabs. Israel declared itself an independent state on the 14th. It was immediately recognized by the United State, the Soviet Union, and many other nations. However, the Arab world refused to recognize Israel and over the next several days Arab forces from Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded Israel (Anti Defamation League, 1999).Israel defeated all of the invading countries and starting with Egypt in February 1949, they all began to sign armistice agreements with Israel. Israel gained an additional 8 percent of the original mandate after the war. The Gaza strip went to Egypt and the West Bank to Transjordan. The United Nations Conciliation Commission estimated there were approximately 711000 Palestine refugees a s a result of the 1948 War (1950). However, Jordan was the only Arab country who would accept them and allow the to travel outside of UN refugee camps (Bard, 2008).What Has Led To The Current Tensions? After the initial 1948-49 War, many Arabs in Israel choose to try and leave the country and flee to other surrounding Arab nations. However, since Jordan was the only country willing to accept them as citizens, major resentment built up towards the Jews. Again, in 1967 Egypt and Jordan invaded Israel in another attempt to wipe Israel of the map. This war lead to the annexation of the West Bank, the Gaza strip and the Suez Canal into the hands of the Jewish state resulting in even more Palestinian refugees.Once more, resentment continued to build against Israel. The irony of the situation is the Palestinians have had land and they have had opportunities for their own country, yet the Arabs in the region were not content with the land they already had and continued the violence towards Israel creating the refugee problem. As more and more Palestinians are displaced, the blame is put on Israel for not doing enough to help out the Palestinians and help them make permanent homes. Yet, at the same time no other Arab nation will take the time to help the Palestinians.Instead they use them in an effort to obtain their own goal of a complete annihilation of the Jewish State. Iran, for example, helps to fund and support Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, both of which are terrorist organizations. This outside influence adds more to the already tense situation in Israel. Another factor that has led to the hostilities was the creation of a Jewish state in a predominately Muslim region of the world. The Muslims see Israel and Jerusalem, the third holiest Muslim city, as belonging to them.On the other hand the Jewish people biblically have the same believe about Israel and Jerusalem belonging to them. Both groups were given the legal permission via international law tha t provided both groups with land in the area. While the Israelis were content with the land they were given, the Palestinians were not, thus, the start of the 1948-49 war. When the other Arab nations attacked Israel, they violated international law and started a war of aggression. Since they were defeated, International law says all land captured from the aggressive armies is to remain in the hands of the country that was attacked.The Palestinians saw this as though Israel were stealing their homeland. However, by refusing to accept the UNs partition plan, they gave up any right they had to the land. Though the rhetoric that these Palestinian areas are being occupied illegally by Israel helps to fuel the violence between the two groups. What is the International Communitys Role be in Trying to Ensure Peace in the Region? The United Nations was directly responsible for the creation of the state of Israel, as was noted earlier.Therefore it is partly the responsibility of the UN to hel p ensure peace. The problem right now is violence is not condemned on both sides of the conflict. When a Palestinian terrorist walked into a Jerusalem seminary and 8 rabbinical students, the United Nations could not pass a condemnation of the attack (Heilprin, 2008, March 7). Yet, at the same time, the United Nations condemned Israel for their use of force to try and stop the groups of Hamas terrorist firing rockets that are targeted at Israel civilians.The United Nations actions of condemning Israel for their use of superior force to defend itself against those targeting Israel civilians, while at the same time refusing to condemn terrorist attacks targeted at civilians, merely emboldens the terrorists. The radical Palestinians who commit these terrorist acts see this lack of condemnation from the UN as a free pass to continue their targeting of civilians. Israels only logical response is to fight back, thus causing the violence to continue with at a cessation in site. Then again w ith an increase in world wide Anti-Semitism over the last few decades, it has ecome unpopular, in the world, to support the Jewish state. Why should the World Care? While the United Nations has shown weakness on the issue of supporting Israel as they continue to fight terrorist in an effort to protect its civilians, the question should be asked if there really is a need to support Israel and protect them from being completely eradicated. The first thing to consider is displacement. If the country of Israel were to ever fall to the Arab world and it become a Muslim nation again, where would the Jews go? You would first have the immediate influx of Jewish refugees would be most likely forced from their homes.Additionally, what happens if another Holocaust happens in which one group is attempting to eradicate the Jewish people? Where would these Jews go to be guaranteed an escape from this persecution? The next big issue as to whether or not Israel is worth saving is the question of wh at has Israel done for the world so far? Good News from Israel gives plenty of examples of how Israel has contributed to the world. Here are just a few. Motorolas research and development facility in Israel developed the cell phone. Both the Intel Pentium microprocessor and Pentium MMX Chip were designed in Israel.The AOL Instant Messenger ICQ was developed in Israel. Israeli doctors are making major medical breakthroughs including finding was to stop cancer in its tracks. Israel has the third most companies listed with the NASDAQ, behind Canada and the United States. These are just a few of the contributions that Israel has made to the world (http//www. newsoftheday. com/). All these and more have been accomplished while continuously engaged in war and being the target of terrorist. The question should be how could the International Community afford not to play a role in establishing peace in the Middle East while not removing Israel from the map?What can be Done To Achieve Peace? Unfortunately, it seems as though the only way there will ever be peace in the Middle East is for a devastating and complete loss for one of the sides. The sad reality is peace talks and cease-fires do not work. The only way to truly achieve an end to a conflict is for an enemy to be dealt a crushing blow or a complete annihilation. The biggest problem is Fatah and other organizations that are part of the mainstream Palestinian lifestyle have called for the destruction of Israel (Ratzlav-Katz, 2007, November 20). They refuse to stop their fight against Israel until the country of Israel no longer exists.These leaves Israel with the option of defending itself and acting aggressively to prevent more civilians from being targeted by Palestinian terrorists. Perhaps ones all the terrorists have been eliminated, the two sides will be able to sit down and reach an agreement that will result in a lasting peace. In order for peace to fully exist, though, after the terrorist have been removed from the equation, Israels neighbors are going to have to recognize it as a legitimate country with a right to exist. Perhaps once these two conditions exist, there can be a true heading towards peace.References Anti Defamation League. (1999). Israeli War for Independence. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http//www. adl. org/ISRAEL/Record/48war. asp Heilprin, J. (2008, March 7). Libya Blocks UN from Condemning Violence. Yahoo News. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from http//news. yahoo. com/s/ap/20080307/ap_on_re_af/un_mideast_violence Hurewitz, J. C. (Ed. ). (1979). The Middle fast and North Africa in World politics a Documentary Record, vol. 2. New Haven Yale University Press. Lenk, Karl. (1991). The Mauritius Affair, The Boat People of 1940/1941. London. Ratzlav-Katz, N. (2007, November 20). American Jewry Fatah Charter Calls to Eradicate Israel. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http//www. israelnationalnews. com/News/News. aspx/124315 United Nations. (1947). Resolution 181. Ret rieved March 8, 2008, from http//daccessdds. un. org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/NR003888. pdf? OpenElement United Nations Conciliation Commission. (1950, October 23). General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http//domino. un. org/unispal. nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/93037e3b939746de8525610200567883 OpenDocument

Gangs

Gangs Inclusive Community Practices- CJS304 Written Reflection Assignment Submitted by genus Vanessa B. Smithers Submitted to Professor Treisha Hylton Date Submitted Friday, November 30, 2012 Inclusive Community Practices- CJS304 Written Reflection Assignment Vanessa B. Smithers Gangs/Youth GangsThe Service depolicede la Ville deMontreal (Montreal jurisprudence) gift defined a spring chicken doughnut as An organized group of adolescents and/or young adults who rely on group intimidation and violence, and commit criminal acts in disposition to gain power and recognition and/or control certain aras of unlawful body process (Public preventive Canada- National Crime Prevention Centre, 2007).Youth ingroups have become an urban phenomenon and since the mid 1980s youth gang violence has increased in amplitude and severity, although the crime rate amongst twelve to seventeen year olds has been decreasing. The Canadian guard wad on Youth Gangs states that youth gangs are a present and growing concern indoors Canadian communities, but we have not that reached the magnitude of severity that is present in the United States of America.According to various Canadian studies, it has been demonstrated that youth becoming involved in gang related activity are getting younger in age the level of violence inside these groups is rising that more female youth are joining gangs naturalise boards are reporting more gang violence within their institutions school yard bullies are existence replaced with groups of youth who perform acts of swarming and that extortion and drug dealing are becoming daily routines in some Canadian communities.I chose the topic of Gangs/Youth Gangs because it peaks a genuinely high interest for me in regards to my current career as well as my hopes for my future career endeavours. Currently I am a Youth Worker at a shelter for male youth in the downtown Toronto core. Each and every day I encounter a number of youth who have gang involvement or who have previously been involved with gangs, some leading to involvement in the Ontario Justice System. Also, for my current Humber College placement I chose to work at Carleton Village Junior and cured Sports and Wellness Academy located at Weston Road and St.Clair Avenue West. Through engagement and interaction with a variety of multi-cultural youth and children, I have intimate that there are a number of students within the school who are in contemplation about joining gangs, some whose siblings and parents are involved in gangs, and a number of children who are on a path to becoming involved in gangs in the future. I have always had a fascination and a keen interest in acquiring knowledge as to why people, more specifically, children and youth choose to become active gang members and what in their lives are catalysts and causes them to resort to gang activity.When I think of the topic of gangs, it brings sadness to me because I am aware that some gang members become invol ved in gangs during their adolescent years, continuing into their adult years. Although this is a reality for some, through having an abundant amount of experience in working with children, as well as youth with a large amount of potential to be amazing, law abiding citizens, the topic of gangs is something that I feel very passionate about.The part about gangs that brings the most sadness to me is the fact that there are children who strive to be gang members, children who at the age of seven find the idea of gangs to be a phenomenon. They head around with red bandanas to represent the Bloods and blue bandanas to represent the Crips without actually knowing what it is to be in a gang, until they reach an older age and recruit themselves into the gang life. Within the text book Special postulate Offenders in the Community, Jeff Rush and Rob Hanser state numerous important points which I will briefly consult on.The authors say that working with gangs is difficult because individua ls deny that there is a gang problem, ignore the problem, and delay a reception to the gang issue, also known as the DID syndrome. The authors also state that the following characteristics are ones that are used in defining a gang formal organization structure, identifiable leadership, identified within a territory, recurrent interaction and engaging in serious or violent behaviour. Within the text book it also states that prison gangs are referred to as security threat groups. They mention that most prison gang members were street gang members at one point. The authors extenuate the fact that confederacy collaboration (police and community members) is extremely important in tackling the issue gangs. Unfortunately the book states that gang involvement is usually life-long. The individuals have an abundant amount of forces pushing them to remain within the gang life, down the stairsmining most treatment regimens that are assigned to them once they are released from prison.Drawing from the presentation and the text book, I found most of the information presented important although, the most important ideas in relation to the Community Justice field I found were the DID syndrome discussed earlier ( denying that there is a gang problem, ignoring the problem when it arises, and delaying a repartee to the problem), prison gangs, and the various stages of the comprehensive problem-solving model the scanning stage ( looking for and identifying problems), the analysis stage ( to develop a further understanding of a problem), the response stage (developing response options that are consistent, and implementing the responses), and the assessment stage ( provides useful feedback on how well the response is working). I also felt as if studying the gangs turf is an important factor for prevention and suppression programs in the city.Lastly, I felt as if the Gang Exit Program is a very important strategy where there is an assessment and intake, gang member intensive tra ining and personal development and gang member case management. Within a Canadian context, all of the above points are very prevalent. In relation to the DID syndrome, there are many agencies within Canada, more specifically Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area, that do not ignore or practice ignorance pertaining to gangs. There are ones that focus on identifying gang related issues and determining an appropriate response. Such agencies and programs consist of check Prevention & Intervention, Breaking the Cycle and Operation Springboard. All of these listed agencies try to implement comprehensive problem-solving models, prevention, interventions and gang-exiting strategies.In regards to prison gangs, correctional facilities take proactive moves towards preventing any prison gangs and they do this through segregation of prison members who appear to be in the same gang, keeping a close centre on the inmates through direct note and surveillance, acquiring knowledge regarding gangs l ocally, provincially and country wide, as well as having the skills to pick up on cues that may be identifying key factors of gang activity. During the septs presentation on Gangs, amongst all the interesting points, there were two that I took a keen interest to. Firstly, it was stated that the last Canadian Police Survey on gangs was in 2002, and it reported that Canada has four hundred and thirty four youth gangs with Ontario ranking the highest and British Columbia next. Ontario has two hundred and sixteen youth gangs with a total of three thousand three hundred and twenty members, almost half (48%) of all youth gang members are under the age of18 of which (39%) are between 16 and 18 years old. The second one was regarding the Labelling Theory.Due to stigmas created by media such as newspapers, magazines, movies, books, and music, people have conjured up a set of ideals and norms about races, ages, religions and genders and use these ideals and norms to anticipate how that speci fic group is going to act. According to the book, Issues and Perspectives on Young Offenders in Canada, Franklinn Tanenbaum developed the social-reaction/labelling theory where he states that once a youth has been identified as having committed a delinquent act, the person becomes the thing he or she is described as being (p. 38). In conclusion, the topic of gangs is something that sits close to my heart. It is my job as a future Community Justice Worker to not turn a blind eye to gang activity.In my opinion, it is the role of me, community members, families and caretakers to lay down and model the fundamental building blocks at a young age to ensure our children feel safe, creative, motivated, cared for, respected, heard, not labeled, not judged, powerful, intelligent and self-empowered. With this approach individuals will hopefully not resort to outside means in order to obtain these feelings artificially within gangs. Bibliography (2003). Canadian Police Survey on Youth Gangs. Ca nada Minister of Public Safety & Emergency Prepardness. Hanser, J. R. (2007). Gang Members as Special Needs Offenders. In R. D. Hanser, Special Needs Offenders in the Community (pp. 229-243).New Jersey, United States Pearson Prentice Hall. (2005). Youth Gangs in Canada A Preliminary Review of Programs & Services. Calgary, Alberta Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family. Public Safety Canada- National Crime Prevention Centre. (2007). Youth Gangs in Canada- What do we Know? Canada Government of Canada. Wynterdyk, J. A. (2005). Issues & Perspectives on Young Offenders in Canada. Canada Thomson Canada Limited. 1 . (2003). Canadian Police Survey on Youth Gangs. Canada Minister of Public Safety & Emergency Prepardness. 2 . Victims of Violence. (2011, February 28). Gang & Group Violence.

Man and Woman Relationship in Naga-Mandala Essay

This paper is entitled Man and Woman kind in Girish Karnads Naga-Mandala.. Simone de Beauvoir in her essay The Second get off states that The whole of feminine history has been man-made. Just as in America there is no Negro business, but rather a white problem just as anti-Semitism is not a Jewish problem, it is our problem so the cleaning woman problem has always been a man problem. Woman in Naga-Mandala is seen as an other in the society. It is an analysis of agony and anguish faced by men and woman in the society and their spousal. Karnads play polish upon the mathematical function which women play in the society and the images of which be seen as biological, social situation and Indian culture. Every men and woman are said to support in a stereotypical way and this gives them a trade good name in the society. Karnads play focuses on conflicts and dilemmas experienced by men and woman in their social situation.HypothesisThe study aim in analyzing the man woman relationsh ip which is depicted in the Indian play Naga- Mandala using the concepts of Simone de Beauvoirs Second Sex and the concepts of Patriarchy.Significance of the study/Theoretical FrameworkThe study of man and woman relationship differentiates male and female in terms of conversation, inter-group communication and their behavior. The concept of patriarchy oppresses women among the society. In the play Naga- Mandala Karnad clearly portrays the relationship between man and woman with the feminist perspective. The research employs both theoretical and analytical blast with the help of the text using the concepts of Simone de Beauvoir.Literature ReviewResearch paper titled Naga-Mandala A Story of Marriage and Love, provides the relationship of man and woman pictured in the play.AnalysisNaga- Mandala is a play about a young couple named ranee and Appana. Appana is seen as hubby who does not take care of his wife and locks her up in the house and he comes only in the afternoon to eat his lunch. According to Simone de Beauvoir, Appana treats his own wife as the other and makes her passive and static. He uses her as a so called wife to show the society that they are living together. Appanna does not lead a good life with his ranee and imprisons her by locking her up inside the house. Appanas power is Ranis subversive nature and the respect she gives to her husband. Rani is portrayed to be a good wife throughout the play. She obeys her husband and cooks lunch for him every day. She sees her husband as a sacred deity and worships him throughout the play. According to the Indian society marriage is seen as something sacred of sex and slam between men and women. In this play Rani adjusts and lives her social life by herself, who is appointed by her husband and the traditional society.Throughout the play Appana does not show any have intercourse or affection to his wife. The relationship of Appanna and the concubine is considered to be the symbol of lust. Girish Karnad portrays Appanna as the take up example of male chauvinism. He goes to the concubine and neglects his own wife and locks her so that she doesnt get into any relationship. He is seen as a selfish person who leads a lustful life with another woman. He uses this woman only for her body and not because of love. This shows that he is escaping from the reality and cheats his wife and the concubine. He is treating the concubine and Rani in an unfair manner. The relationship with Rani and Naga is considered to a genuine love in the play. Naga comes in the form of Appanna and loves Rani who was in isolation from her real husband. Naga gives Rani everything that she missed from her husband.He also understands and respects her feelings and emotions. Even though Naga is a snake he expresses true love to his beloved which a human universe cannot give to his wife. As a result of their love, Rani becomes pregnant. In Kiranths words, an Indian woman knows that motherhood confers upon her a pur pose and identity that nothing else in her culture can. At the end of the play Rani is seen as a mother and good wife to Naga. The termination of Naga plays a major role in the story where he sees Appanna andRani with their child sleeping together, he feels jealous and this shows that he loved Rani and was very possessive on her. He dies for the sake of Rani and her family. Rani asks Appanna to prepare to perform a sacred ritual for the dead Naga and her son should do the last rights of his father, and Appana agrees to her strange demand. This shows the true love that she had for Naga. A.K.Ramanujan writes that the ritual tale itself is a public even told during the Cobra Festival to propitiate snake, to ensure safety and fertility within marriage.ConclusionThe analysis of Man- Woman relationship in Karnads play, serves as the best example of womans position in the society. marriage is always open, and a recognition of the blessings and goodwill of the outsider for bringing togeth er the husband and wife. This is clearly seen in the play where snake- lover is seen as a hero in the play by expressing his true love to his beloved. Appanna has failed in his relationship with his wife and the fate makes him to accept Nagas son as his own. The two men with different characters serve the twist in the play, and they are direct contrast between each other. In a happy family the husband should always compromise with the wife and the wife should compromise with husband. Thus, after the death of Naga, Appana starts a new life with his wife Rani.ReferencesKarnad, Girish. Naga-Mandala A Play with a Cobra. New Delhi OUP, 1991. Print.Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Trans.Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier. Random House, 2009. Print

Polyester Manufacturing

Polyester fibers, the synthetic fibers, be long chain polymers derived from coal, air, water, and petroleum. They atomic number 18 formed through chemical reaction between an acid and alcohol. In this reaction, two or more molecules combine to pose a large molecule whose structure repeats throughout its length. These molecules are very stable and strong. There are variations in the compositions and therefore in the properties of polyester fibers. Types of Polyester The polyester fibers are generally available in two varieties- kiss (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate).PET is the most common production. It is stronger than PCDT, while PCDT has more elasticity and resilience. PET shadower be used alone or blended with other fabrics for making squat free and stain resistant clothing that can retain its shape. PCDT is more suitable for heavier applications, much(prenominal) as draperies and furniture coverings. Modifications ca n be introduced in all(prenominal) of these varieties for obtaining specific properties. PET Polyester For manufacturing PET Polyester, the main raw material is ethylene derived from petroleum.It is oxidized to produce a glycol monomer dihydric alcohol which is further feature with some other monomer, terephthalic acid at a high temperature in a vacuum. Polymerization, the chemical process that produces the finished polyester, is done with the help of catalysts. The colorless molten polyester then flows from a slot in a vessel on to a casting wheel and takes shape of a ribbon as it cools to hardness. The polymer thus produced is then glow into very small chips, dried to remove all moisture and blended to make it uniform for getting it launch for spinning into yarn.PCDT Polyester This variation of polyester is made by condensing terephthalic acid with 1, 4-cyclohexane-dimethanol to form poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate or the PCDT Polyester. As for PET Polyester , PCDT is processed for melt spinning. Spinning Polymer chips are melted at 500-518F (260-270C) to form a syrup-like solution. The molten polymer is then extruded through a spinneret and the filaments are subsequently drawn into the desired polyester fiber. Variations are introduced to obtain desired end results.Spinnerets having hole of different shapes such as round, trilobal, pentalobal, hexalobal or octalobal can be used for special effects like opacity, luster or its suppression, wicking, comfort or feel. Hollow fibers may be produced to make it lightweight and for providing greater cushioning or insulative properties. Crepe effect can be obtained through crimps. Certain additives may also be combined with the spinning solutions for specific properties. Delusterant can be added to make the fiber dull, a flame retardant may be added orCertain other antistatic spunk may also be included. Drawing After extrusion from the spinneret, the fibers are drawn or elongated, with the help of godet wheels. Depending upon the desired properties, the polyester fibers are usually drawn up to five times its original length. For higher continuity, the filaments are drawn to a greater extent. When the fibers come in contact with the air, they solidify. Usually, the PET fibers are drawn racy as it produces more uniform fibers. PCDT fibers are drawn at higher temperature due to their higher melting point.During the drawing process itself, fibers may be coarse-textured which saves time, efforts and production cost and also gives greater quality control over the finished fibers. After the polyester yarn is drawn, it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven into material. Types of Polyester Yarns The polyester yarns have a wide range of diameters and staple lengths. The yarns are made basically as monofilament yarns, multifilament yarns and spun yarns. Filament Yarns PET Polyester is used to make filament yarns either in monofilament or multifilame nt forms.The direction and amount of twists are decided by the desired end use. The properties are also pre-determined. There are various types of such yarns. There is the bright, regular tenacity polyester yarn having light, stretch and sag resistance, used for sheer lightweight fabrics like tulle, voile and organdy. The regular tenacity rig dull yarn used for various apparels including lingerie. Its more dull version is used for shirts and blouses. Polyester yarns resistant to various chemicals, and microorganisms are produced from high tenacity fibers for such industrial uses as conveyor belts, ropes and nets etc.Textured Yarns These yarns are made of PET multifilaments. Texturizing is either done along with the drawing process or afterwards during throwing or texturizing process. Spun Yarns They are made of staple or cut PET or PCDT polyester fibers. The staple may be bright, semi dull or dull and tenacity may be regular, mid or high. It may be polished to reduce crimp and incr ease luster. It may either be spun alone or blended with other staple such as cotton, wool or rayon and then spun into yarn. Application of PolyesterPolyester is used in manufacturing of many products, such as clothing, kinfolk furnishings, industrial fabrics, computer, recording tapes, and electrical insulation. It has several advantages over traditional fabrics as it does not absorb moisture. Its low absorbency also makes it naturally resistant to stains. Polyester clothing can be preshrunk in the finishing process. This makes it resist shrinking and it doesnt stretch out of shape. The fabric can be dyed easily, and is mildew resistant too. Textured polyester fibers are an effective, nonallergenic insulator, thus it is used for filling pillows, quilting, outerwear, and sleeping bags.

Presentation of Sex and Sexuality in Brave New World

presentation of enkindle and depend onuality in Brave New World brave new world is a dystopian clean about an authoritarian regime and how they control people, in it there ar characters that resist the leadership. Huxleys Brave New World is a darkly satirical novel that uncovers and leavens the weaknesses of society (mainly American) in 1932 with pneumatic flappers and jazz clubs which, in Huxleys mind, lack meaning and are too casual. The society uses sex and sexuality as a force to control the masses by removing all love in the act, by making it commonplace losing all meaning so they cant see the forest for the trees.Science In Huxleys novel plays a key role in how the sex and sexuality is portrayed in the book, it seems that science removes all emotions in everything. In Brave New World children are put through an extensive conditioning process where they are adequate to(p) to erotic play and hypnopaedia. In the 1890s the psychologist Sigmund Freud said that if you repress y our sexual desires it builds up inside of you and can divert itself into damaging channels.I believe that in this novel Huxley is satirising him saying that if everyone had sex like he is saying then this is what it would be like- On page 26 a little boy and girl of seven and eight respectively, were playing gravely and with all the focussed attention of scientists Huxley describes the children as playing gravely or without emotion, I think that this is him trying to show us what this society has become one where children are forced to have erotic play, as seen when the little boy is crying because he doesnt destiny to play and secondly that these constant sexual encounters have dimmed the excitement, passion and love in the act of sex to a point where it has become mundane and un-magical.Another thing that Huxley satirises Freud about is his theory about how the family is the prime source of this inner conflict. In Brave New World there are no families and groundless living is encouraged, men and women are made in factories. I think the weeks supply of ova and standard men and women in uniform batches describes suddenly how Huxley thinks the world would be without families. Without them it would dehumanise so much so that we lose our identities and become standard men and women Men and women have a complicated blood in brave new world. Men are usually Alpha pluss and women are usually beta minuss, I think that that in itself shows Huxleys entirely chauvinistic attitude. Her smile flashed quickly at him (pg13) flashed readily portrays an image of automation, she does it without thinking showing an instant submission to him and that with that submission she is readily available. Again, and giving her two or three little pats, received in exchange a rather deferential smile for himself the director pats her on the quarter because in this society everyone belongs to everyone and he fancies her. This is another example of Huxleys inbuilt and unconscious ch auvinism, he has made it so the female characters all respectfully diverge to the men. In 1932 when Huxley wrote this hitting a girl on the bottom was shunned and offensive but in Brave New World it is accepted by everyone including Lenina because they are conditioned to have sex with everyone.When Huxley went to America he encountered what he described as the city of dreadful joy in Los Angeles where everyone had a hedonistic life style and went to jazz clubs and there were pneumatic flappers I think that Huxley is satirising them and giving a warning to us because that is what might happen in the future and Huxley believe that sleeping around like this is morally wrong and take all meaning out of sex. The Act of Sex in Brave New World is encouraged as much as possible because it is a particular, for particulars, as everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness On page 58 some girls invite Helmholtz to a sashay. The picnic replaces the word sex which shows how amalgamated sex h as become in society. Sex has been integrated into everything thought, religious ceremonies, music, cinema, picnics etc. the society is very much so recreational and the people have become hedonistic.Huxley points this out because this kind of society American society has very loose morals too and is perhaps no the best way to go about progressing. The girls invite solo him and not anyone else its quite a suggestive thing to say, even desperate and they only invite him because he is hot. The society in this sense is very shallow and childlike. Sex is also practiced in mass orgies. Huxley uses metaphors to represent sex a lot like on page 66. The orgy is described using music which rises and climaxes with their climax. Huxley also employs a clever use of sibilance, in which the du fit is repeated to give a sense of heartbeats and increasing rhythm to show excitement. I think that Huxley writes about it in this way rather than being overt is ecause when this book was published th e content would have been shunned, but also to show again how sex has been integrated into everything It may seem odd that the government in Brave New World encourages sex, I think that the reason that they do is because the world motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTIY, STABILITY with its main point being constancy believes that happiness = stability and then sex = happiness. It is used as a measure to keep the people in line because whilst having sex and being happy they cant see the wood for the trees which is more subtly put with the slogan, for particulars, as everyone knows, makes for happiness and virtue which basically means that they shouldnt be able to see the large picture and stop being happy.To ensure that they only really focus on sex they have installed it into every aspect of their life. On page 66-67 Bernard goes to Westminster Abby in London where they sit around in circles of twelve and then start dancing and then having sex. I think that it is quite a disturbing scene, and i s by all odds something that most people back in 1932 and now would find disgusting. Huxley seems to be satirising everything now including religion with the twelve disciples and it being in Westminster. The whole book I think is satirising the Roman Catholic Church with the conditioning of people to believe something without question and how it leads to false happiness or happiness that is fabricated by person else and not of your own making.

Film/novel “True Grit” Essay

Out in a middle of nowhere, a art object rides a horse in haste as if it were chasing after something. This is the common go for of the cowpuncher that we have all become familiar with. In fact, it is next to impossible not to recognize the name of the cowpuncher because it is so powerful in pop cultural myths. It is interesting to examine the myth and pic of the cowpoke in a comparison of the legendary film/novel True backbone and the rum paintings of Remington Remington.A sparse description is the hallmark of the style of Remingtons usage of misty touches and specific colorize on the painting as seen in against the cheerfulnessset which portrays a gays masculinity in the form of a mythical chock figure of westward. In the previously mentioned painting, Remington emphasized a mans masculinity by using the environment of the painting. There is nothing in the frame a bid the land and many small bushes. Although these bushes are small as a group they seem resembling an o bstacle for a man. Moreover, their dark colors emit a negative motion-picture show and even rear threatening obstructions for a challenger.However, as a man, he seems to be not hesitating to face challenges in front him, but rather to keep going forward even faster. Although it seems like sun is setting, a man still rides a horse and neer looks down in descent. exclusively like Mattie he moldiness be not scared of the dark (True coat 60). Also it seems like the unknown mans image is similar to my opinion of LaBoeuf from True Grit. The unknown man is wearing two revolvers (True Grit 67) just like LaBoeuf. Also, his belt is thick and wide and bedecked with cartridges (True Grit 67).Additionally, his appearance matches with LaBoeuf although his face is blurry on the painting. Also he looks like he is around thirty years of age (True Grit 67). There are other similarities, In the novel True Grit, though LaBoeuf was not as good at shooting as putz, he did not fear chasing a crimi nal in Unknown Territory which can be very dangerous for strangers. Also, at the novels conclusion, he sacrifices himself for little sister Mattie proving that he is also a man with true grit. As a result, LaBoeuf-like image evokes an essence similar to the unknown mans masculinity.On the other hand, against the sunset gives an image of changes through its back ground color and empty surroundings. The unknown man seems almost lonely in the painting with no buildings or people around. However, An area of free land (food turner 199) portrays this image of the west during the ordinal century which was a period of sudden change. By the time when Eastern part of the United States became industrialized, the west still remained a wilderness. However, many people started to immigrate west because the west was the land of opportunity.Therefore, many immigrants and migrants were compelled to conciliate themselves to the changes involved in crossing a continent, in defeating a wilderness and in developing the newly expand territory out of the primitive economic and political conditions of the frontier into the complexity of city life (Turner 199). As Turner express, developing caused many changes in the west including economic status, surroundings, and political view. Now, the portrait Sunset makes distinguishable the daylight and the night. As sun goes down and the whole colors of surrounding changes.Shadow gets shorter and shorter and by the time the sun sets, it disappears. As visible in Remingtons piece, the background color remains very bright and looks like a strange mix of yellow and orange. It must be right when sun set started. However, if the mechanic was intended to capture one additional, the image would turn out to be whole different color. Also, it already seems to appear darker because the edges of painting depict themselves darker than the middle. Also, although it is not shown in the painting completely, we can imagine that soon the twilight will be gone.Against the sunset also evokes an image of mythical hero figure by cowboy-like habilimented man. It is ironic that even though cowboy does not maintain a particular status and never was what is considered a cowboy by their stereotyped and commonly depicted appearance. Of course, what is real and what we expect are clearly not the same item, but it does not matter. What does matter is that our expectations in the image we have are met (that is, the cowboy wears a cowboy hat and not a derby) and that the character is presented in slightly dissimilar style as well so that we are not treated to everything we expect.In other words, there must be some deviations and subtle if not outright differences present so we experience something new adequate to pique our interested while staying within the framework of our expectations of the genre. For example, Rooster, the narrator from True Grit, never said that he is a cowboy, but we categorize him as a cowboy anyway. He is old, but ta ll, big, one-eyed man, and wears a dusty black suit of clothes (True Grit 40). It is not described in the prevail in a detail, but it is clear in the movie that he wears cowboy hats and carries big rifles with him.Just as people categorize native Indians by skin color and appearance, cowboys are categorized by their way of dress, their status and masculinity. In a manner similar to Rooster, the Unknown firearm seems to be a cowboy because he wears cowboy hat, leather vest, and dusty pants. By the mere fact that the Unknown Man looks like cowboy makes him very powerful because from the media and books we have always receive impression that cowboys symbolize justice, machism and a heroism. In a way, the novel True Grit portrays Rooster as a super hero who is not a mere human.When Rooster meets Lucky Ned Peppers gang, he faces a crisis because it was a showdown between him alone versus three relatively young men. However, by way of a miracle, Rooster stays alive and manages to kill a ll three of the other men. This determines Roosters character as a super hero because in reality such melodrama could never actually happen. (It is more like to a RAMBO film than a serious treatise on life in the old west) This is similar in how the way of dress makes the Unknown Mans image similar to the super hero Rooster.From this connection, we set aside the Unknown Man with many known traits that we have come to expect from a cowboy. These expectations are overpowering and they create an image that transfers our positive images from one source (cowboy films, novels, etc) to the portrait. In a way the portrait origin lifts imagery from another area that is already established as having certain positive traits. The cowboy image is powerful enough to do this because the cowboy is a character that is the essence of independence and the American spirit. It is a difficult thing to depart from the collective and live the life of the individual.This is what the cowboy does and he gains massive compliments and an eternal mythos because of it. The cowboy is a complex individual and this complexity manifests itself in different mediums that borrow from the cowboys rich history. This mythos of the cowboy can be seen in novels/films such as True Grit and in the amazing portraits of Remington. The mythos becomes even more interesting when one looks at the mythos and compares it to the portraits and True Grit. From this examination, we learn the mythos is more powerful than we ever imagined.

As You Like It Act Two Scene 1

Q. Comment on Act 2, Scene 1. Ans this passage is an fire from Shakespeare play as you like it and this scene takes place in the Forest of Arden. The scene begins with the entrance of the exi conduct duke and master copy Amiens who are dressed foresters. The change in clothing immediately signals to the audience a change in environment and is overly a direct contrast to the previous act in which everyone is dressed as courtiers. The duke begins to talk about pastoral life sentence story which is a major theme in the play.He describes the advantages of forest life to be utmost capitaler then court life and the audience gets the feeling that life is far more easy going and relaxed in the country as opposed to the busy, eventful life they led in the court. The duke says hath not old custom made this life more sweet. But despite the romanticized temper of the dukes description of forest life, it also has realistic references such as the winter wind and the foul toad.This passag e also gives an insight into the dukes character. The duke is able to look at the benefits of forest life after having lived in court and having been so unjustly exiled from it. This shows great patience, wisdom, and resilience on his part. His sensitivity towards those around him is highlighted when he says it distresses him that they hunt venison it its own land. The first lord then goes on to introduce Jacques despite his absence seizure on stage.He recalls Jacquess exaggerated and dramatic response to the dying deer and how he begins to moralize the apostasy of the deer by its herd. This over-dramatic nature of pastoral life is used as comic relief to match out the drama that took place in court life, and to an extent its innocence which is shown by the fact that the great tragedies taking place in the forest is dying venison. This in turn highlights the more evil and sad nature of court life where you have scheming and murderous brothers.On a larger scale, this scene also p resents a contrast between the two brother duke Frederick, and duke senior. In act 1 duke Frederick is shown as a self-involved, paranoid, and power-obsessed character who lacks the generosity, forgiveness, and wisdom that his elder brother, duke senior possess. This scene in general provides an insight into duke seniors character and presents a contrast between pastoral and court life while providing the audience with a break from the courts vices.

Gibson Insurance Company

Overview Gibson Insurance Company has tasked Rebecca Hampton, the masterler, with reviewing the accompanys storage apportioning of unified backing be in order to smash assign the appeal attributed to product occupations and aviation of merchandise units. This is important beca practise it would help to come through better information for pricing conclusions, gross gross revenue compensation, and focus on atomic number 18as in appeal improvement. Gibson sells two categories of fiscal products annuities and bread and butter insurance. They are both sold by in-house sales agents.Gibson get backd to start purchasing revolutionary(prenominal) corporations in order to quickly grow the companys customer base and its assets under focus (AUM). GIC acquired Compton Insurance Services and middle west Mutual Insurance Company, and although they all sold the same services, the prices and features were diverse. Gibson had a decision to make keep the advanced accomplishm ents as separate legal entities, or completely absorb them into its corporate system. GIC chose to keep them as separate legal entities, and treat them as wholly owned subsidiaries for legal and financial reporting purposes.Rebecca decided to re-evaluate the constitute allocation structure. She chose to list them under 4 categories Policy Acquisition, Customer Service, gross revenue and Marketing, and Corporate Overhead. All Relevant Issues Gibson Insurance main unloosen is its cost allocation system that allocates subscribe cost to its various product lines based on correspond chassis of policies. This provided for an inadequate application of resources for from each one business unit and product line. For example, selling a advanced policy takes to a greater extent resources and effort than maintaining an in-force policy.A nonher commercial enterprise is a decline in positivity although the sales volumes are increasing. This is possibly due to hidden cost problems or s tupidly set prices. After a break vanquish of support cost, Gibson also had a issue with possible inefficiency of processes. Hampton felt as though they used to many resources with selling hot policies. Relationships Among Important Issues GICs current cost allocation system provides for a inadequate allocation of cost. With the true be for each division and product line mis represented Gibson is un adequate to(p) to immaculate set prices to match expenses of products.This also does not allow them to signalise problem areas, or inefficient processes, in look at of attention. With those two issues secretly effecting the books, GIC profitability has suffered. Relationships of Case Issues to Aim of the Company Gibsons poor cost allocation and lost in wage has it wanting to develop a stark naked allocation method. With this newfound method they volition be able to more accurately apply resource cost and pricing to specific business units and products. After implementing the new drivers they pull up stakes be able to contour processes to lower be.Making these changes will allow Gibson to get to gain control of cost and by affect its profitability. New Problem Statement Resulting from Case Analysis Gibson is concerned somewhat its current allocation of corporate support costs. Currently it feels the resources of various business units are not aright assigned. Rebecca Hampton, the controller, must come up with a new allocation method to obtain a better handle on profitability, product pricing and agent compensation, and current costs. Objectives verifying the old or ontogeny new based on analysis Gibson Insurance main fair game is to improve profitability.Its second objective is to better control pricing and resource allocation. To control pricing and resources, Gibson third objective is to develop a new cost allocation method based on different cost drivers. Finally Gibson aims to streamline its processes in the future to further lower cost to incre ase profit. Statement of Alternatives After analyzing the case we read come up with five possible alternate(a)s for Gibson Insurance company. First, Gibson can admit to use the new cost drivers, developed by Hampton, to reallocate costs to provide a more accurate picture of mediate costs.Second, Gibson can guide to reanalyze cost to come up with different cost drivers also to provide a more accurate picture of mediate costs. Third, they can redivide the support services to several(prenominal) business units. This will help turn away the simple allocation issue. Only the cost incurred in each department of the business entity will be attributed to the operations of the business entity. Fourth, Gibson can separate the individual product lines support. They can acquit have quaternion separate departments for new and in-force insurance and annuities.This will dial in the cost not only to individual product cost but what status these products use the most resources. It can sto op much of the indirect cost into direct costs. Lastly, Gibson can choose to do nothing. It can continue to use current method of allocation and make educated guess on what costs are incorrect and what prices are set correct. This pick is not an ideal one because Gibson is currently losing money. After choosing and implementing one of the preceding(prenominal) options, Gibson can begin to control on underlying issues.They can use the new cost allocation analysis to see if any area of business is in need of adjustment. It can then decide if price meets the cost demands of division and product line. Action Plan We agree with Gibsons controller that the new way of allocating costs is the best plan of action for Gibson. Under the old system, costs were broken up by separate legal entities and product lines. Using the old method, Midwest has $5,087,166 in total support costs, while Gibson has $5,080,997 and Compton has $3,751,837 totaling $13,920,000.The new method calls for the alloc ation of costs based on cost drivers, which Hampton divided into quaternity categories policy acquisition, customer service, sales and marketing and opposite corporate support. Each cost account is impelled by a cost driver. Policy acquisition is determined by the number of locomote undeniable to move a new policy application to an in-force status. Customer service costs are driven by the number of incoming calls. Sales and marketing costs are driven by the number of solicitation needed to sell a product. Lastly, other corporate costs are determined by the dollar value of AUM.The total support costs of $13,920,000 is broken up into $4,375,000 in policy acquisition costs, $2,426,000 in customer service costs, $4,552,000 in sales and marketing costs and lastly $2,567,000 in other corporate support costs. The new cost allocation system allows Gibson to identify where the costs are emanating from. It helps them identify where they can cut costs and where to focus their resources t o meet their aim. By employing the new system, the per units costs for each cost-driver is as follows $42. 20 per step, $44. 06 per customer service call, $10. 2 per sales solicitation call and $14. 92 per policy for the command processing overhead costs. Under the new system it was found that Compton has the support highest costs, as opposed to the old system where Midwest had the highest cost. The costs for new life insurance policies makes up 40% of the total costs, which is $5,609,243. However, the new life insurance policies bring in $19,200,000 in AUM for Gibson. Yes, it is costing Gibson more to bring in new policies, but new customers are expensive because they take away from the profit. Therefore, we do not see any problem with this plan.Moreover, the new plan allows them to see that the in-force policies are not costing them anything, which tells them to focus their resources on the new-policies for both the product lines. By analyzing we decided that it is definitely cost ing Gibson more to bring in life-insurance policies than annuities. For example, it takes five steps to complete a policy acquisition for life insurance compared to only two steps for annuities. Also, it takes them 10 extra sales solicitations per policy for life-insurance compared to annuities. We also feel that 20 solicitation calls for one life-insurance is expensive.It costs $881. 22 to make 20 calls and the AUM for a new life-insurance policy is only $1500, so the profit margin is less than 60%. perchance they can train their sales employees to better perform each call and sell a policy with less number of calls. By doing this they will be able to cut their sales and marketing costs by 50% and increase their profits. Their total sales and marketing costs will go from $4,552,000 to $2,276,000 and it brings down the new life-policy costs from $5,609,243 to $4,326,989, which will make their product line more profitable and bring in more profits for Gibsons Inc.Knowing Constraints Potential Problems Gibson Insurance Company also has to deal with potential problems. If they break up the costs into individual processes, they could possibly spend a lot more money and time than they need to. By gathering the data and breaking it up into many costs accounts will eventually cost them more in terms of management compensation, rather than helping them save. Also by implementing a new training program we may have resistance from current employees because they may feel that they are doing their caper correctly without needing more training.Analysis Presentation Leads to Definition of Problem By analyzing the cost structure and re-allocation the costs with the new cost drivers, we have determined that the problem is the cost of sales solicitation and, possibly, the price that Gibson is charging for its insurance policies. Develops, Justifies, and wander Objectives Gibson has five objectives. Their primary objective is to improve their profits, which requires that t hey prioritize other objectives, which will help them reach their mark of maximizing profit.By developing a new cost allocation method based on different cost drivers helps them to find places where they need control costs and resources, which helps them maximize profit. Develops and Weighs Alternatives We have listed five different options for Gibson to choose from. First option is to go with Hampton new cost drivers and reallocate cost on that basis. By choosing to go with the controllers numbers we will save time and money on research vs pickaxe 2. After we do that we will have a more accurate picture of cost and resource allocation. This will allow Gibson to work on specific reas of cost that may be hindering the company such as the number of sales solicitations. By implementing the new training program we can scale down sales and marketing by 50% by cutting the contacts needed in half. Second, Gibson can choose to reanalyze cost to come up with different cost drivers also to provide a more accurate picture of indirect costs. By going back and re-evaluating the drivers it would take more management resources. We would need to clear department heads off jobs and waste time possibly to return to the with same drivers that are already presented.So by choosing the root alternative we can get the new cost implemented faster and begin work on fixing problems sooner. Third, they can redivide the support services to individual business units. This will help eliminate the simplify allocation issue. Only the cost incurred in each department of the business entity will be attributed to the operations of the business entity. This will not be ideal because it would require additional spending on recruiting new personnel including management. Fourth, Gibson can separate the individual product lines support.They can have have four separate departments for new and in-force insurance and annuities. This will dial in the cost not only to individual product cost but wha t status these products use the most resources. It can turn much of the indirect cost into direct costs. This will prove to be an inefficient method of allocating cost. Gibson would need to assign more resources to hiring personnel and restructuring processes. Gibson would possibly have to redesign it entire operating process to separate its departments and consolidating its different products line from different companies under one business entity.It would also have to deal with the backlash of current customers who may run into problems during the shift. Lastly, Gibson can choose to do nothing. It can continue to use current method of allocation and make educated guess on what costs are incorrect and what prices are set correct. This option is not an ideal one because Gibson is currently losing money. Selects Appropriate Alternative After analyzing the alternatives, we decided pick the first alternative that calls for to use the cost drivers developed Hampton.The costs are divided into four different costs namely, policy acquisition, customer service, sales and marketing and other corporate support. Each cost has cost driver, which decides the total cost for that cost account. Policy acquisition costs are driven by the number of steps required to move a new application to in-force status, which is two steps for annuities and five steps for life insurance. Number of incoming customer calls drive the cost for customer service while the number of sales solicitation drives the cost for sales and marketing costs.And finally, corporate overhead costs are driven by the dollar value of AUM. This plan will facilitate the decision process for the management because it helps them see where the costs are emanating and where they better turn their resources. For example, by allocating the costs differently they were able to see that Compton has the highest support costs at $5,100,202. 17 as oppose to the last plan where Midwest had the highest cost. It also allowed them to see that the in-force policies are not costing them anything in terms of policy acquisition and sales and marketing costs.This tells them which product line is more profitable and which is not, so they focus their resources accordingly. By finding where the costs are stemming from, they will be able to better control the costs thereby increasing their profits, which is their primary objective and that is that the first alternative is appropriate alternative for Gibson. Probability of Success This action plan will be successful for Gibson because it will help the managers realize where the majority of their costs stem from. It will also help them determine where they should be focusing their attention to.